Comparative genomics
Let us first define what comparative genomics actually mean . It is practice of analyzing and comparing genetic material of different species for purpose of studying functions of genes , studying evolution and inherited diseases . But why do we require comparative genomics ? What is importance of it? It tells us what are unique and common between different species at genome level . E.g. To identify unique crucial protein in pathogens to use as targets for products that are both safe and effective. Genome comparison is surest and most reliable way to indentify genes , predict their functions and interactions . E.g. To distinguish between orthologues and paralogues. Here we have two new terms: Orthologues and Paralogues . Actually genes with similar sequence are called homologous genes . These genes may undergo gene duplication or even get divergent in functions during the course of evolution. Genes with similar sequence and functions are called orthologues and genes with sim